CCNA Routing and Switching

                                       CCNA Routing and Switching

Internetworking Devices and OSI Model   Introduction to Networking and Ethernet

Introduction to Cisco and Router  OSPF  EIGRP  RIP  BGP STP   DHCP DNS NTP  CDP  VLAN VTP  NAT DTP ACCESS-LIST  PPP  HSRP FHRP HDLC  PortFast and BPDU Guard  EtherChannel  Virtual Router  Redundancy Protocol  Gateway Load Balancing Protocol VPN   SNMP

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Internetworking Devices and OSI Model

1.Internetworking Models When networks first came into being, computers could typically communicate only with computers from the same manufacturer.  the Open Systems  Interconnection (OSI) reference model was created by the International Organization for  Standardization (ISO) to break through this barrier. The OSI model was meant to help vendors create interoperable network devices  and software in  the form of protocols so that different vendor networks could work in peaceable accord with each  other.  OSI model is the primary architectural model for networks. It describes how data and network information are communicated from an application on one computer through the network media to an application on another computer. The OSI reference model breaks this approach into layers.   2.Internetworking Device   Internet - Means combination of  LAN and WAN   Networking Device 1.  Switches 2. Router  3. Hubs 4. Repeaters 5. B...
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EIGRP

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 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol     EIGRP EIGRP  is a Cisco protocol that runs on Cisco  routers and on some Cisco switches.   EIGRP is a Cisco-proprietary Hybrid routing protocol, incorporating  features of both Distance-Vector and Link-State routing protocols.    EIGRP Features and Operations    (i)   EIGRP uses Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) to determine the  best path among all “feasible” paths. DUAL also helps ensure a loopfree routing environment.    (ii)  EIGRP will form neighbor relationships with adjacent routers in the  same Autonomous System (AS) .    (iii) EIGRP traffic is either sent as unicasts, or as multicasts on address  224.0.0.1  depending on the EIGRP packet type.    (iv) Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) is used to ensure delivery of most  EIGRP packets. (v)   EIGRP routers do not send periodic, full-table routing update...
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OSPF

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             Open Shortest Path First  1. OSPF is a standardized Link-State routing protocol, designed to scale efficiently to support larger networks.  2.  OSPF employs a hierarchical network which is work on  Areas basis .   3.  OSPF sends updates (LSAs) when there is a change to one of its links,  and will only send the change in the update. LSAs are additionally  refreshed every 30 minutes . 4. Instead of advertising the distance to connected networks, OSPF advertises the status of directly connected links using Link-State Advertisements (LSAs).  5.  OSPF form neighbor relationships with adjacent routers in the  same Area . 6.  OSPF is a classless protocol, and thus supports VLSMs. 7.  OSPF uses the Dijkstra Shortest Path First algorithm to determine  the shortest path. 8.  OSPF traffic is multicast either to address 224.0.0.5 ( all OSPF  routers) or 224.0.0.6 ...
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